He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. There is no clear record of the political activity in Carthage at this time. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. From that area he mounted naval expeditions against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy. Roman deserters may have been surrendered on a later date. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Carthage was hit by a series of disasters in 239 BC: her fleet and supply flotilla bringing supplies from Empoia was sunk in a storm, the mercenaries in Sardinia rebelled and the cities of Utica and Hippo Acra killed their Punic garrisons and defected to the rebels. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. The Carthaginian government then raised an army of 10,000 soldiers and 70 elephants and put Hamilcar Barca in command. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. vii. Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. The daylight outside was beginning to strike on the folding shutters of black lattice-work. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. According to Appian, Hamilcar was thrown from his horse and drowned in a river,[116] but Polybius says he fell in battle in an unknown corner of Iberia against an unnamed tribe. Nothing is known of Hamilcar before he was given command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily in 247 during the First Punic War. Suggesting that the old coin depicts Hannibal simply because the back depicts and elephant seems like wishful thinking. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. He replaced Carthalo, who had not been altogether unsuccessful, as the commander of the Carthaginian fleet. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . The traditional historiography up to the 80's interpreted the Carthaginian policy on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the VI century BC as basically one of imperial domination directed at replacing the Phoenician presence by direct Carthaginian control. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. He defeated Rome 's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000-6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Geiger Richrd - grg npek Hamilkr karthgi kirly az oltrnl megli magt.jpg 690 1,027; 177 KB. Hamilcar Barca. [50] Hamilcar's former soldiers, who had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny once Hanno the Great tried to impose this, and marched on Carthage and encamped at Tunis. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. [90] Several modern historians have interpreted this as Hannibal swearing to be a lifelong enemy of Rome bent on revenge,[91][92][93][94] while others hold that this interpretation is a distortion.[95][96][97]. xxiv. Whatever the case, Hamilcar enjoyed uninterrupted command in Iberia during his stay there. Hamilcar obtained permission from the Carthaginian Senate for recruiting and training a new army, with the immediate goal of securing the African domain of Carthage. The coin presented does not appear to favor the features of either. They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. It is also possible that he had hoped to establish a future war chest with Spanish silver. Of the eight coins, only five coins are not recognized by European archeologists and historians. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. We care about our planet! The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. Apr 3, 2011. The total investment volume is $500 million . Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. General who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 BC). In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Hamilcar was in a secure enough position in Iberia to send Hasdrubal the Fair with an army to Africa to quell a Numidian rebellion in 236 BC. Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. But now the 20,000 man army had to be paid their full due. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. He was known for his skill as a commander and his contributions to the army. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. [54], The rebels held the hills to the west of Carthage and the only bridge across the Bagradas river leading to Utica. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. Hamilcar Barca 275-228 BC In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was Hamilcar, surnamed Barca. Cartwright, Mark. She apparently was from Lisbon. Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. Cite This Work 18 Jan 2023. European archaeologists have found eight coins portraying Hannibals Carthaginian features. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264241 bce). Amazons Who Were the Ancient Female Warriors? Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. Their opponents probably had the support of people who had wanted to continue the war even after the defeat at Aegates Island. Cartwright, M. (2016, June 01). He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. After weeks of maneuvering, Hamilcar finally managed to trap about 40,000 rebels in a valley surrounded on three sides by mountains.[66]. You can obtain Hamilcar Barca from the tavern. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. The answer was Spain. He is responsible for designing and . i. p. 391; Auson. Hamilcar spent nine years in Spain. Once more Hamilcar was asked to clear the mess. These were taken to Tunis, the rebel capital, and crucified in full sight of Mathos' army. Iussit hortos claros Hamilcaris fieri qui stabant " Megarae, suburbio Carthaginis". This position allowed Hamilcar to hold a mountain base and harass the rear of the Roman forces who were besieging Drepana and Lilybaeum, which were Carthage's last remaining strongholds on Sicily. Carthaginians celebrated Hannibals crossing of the Alps with coins that depicted his face on one side and an elephant on the other. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Hippacra and Utica were both besieged, and Hanno was unable to free them. The Carthaginian army would surrender their weapons and all Roman deserters immediately. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . Hamilcar first raided the Italian coast at Bruttium in 247 BCE, perhaps in search of booty to pay his mercenaries, and then landed on Sicily at Heircte near Panormus (Palermo). Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Like ancient Carthage, Akre Leuca was not only a military center but also a culturally-advanced city in its time. This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. The coins do not resemble each other. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. World History Encyclopedia. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict. HAMILCAR BARCA, or Barcas (Heb. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Punic survivors fled, and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and thirty Carthaginian senators. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. 275-228 BC. Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. The exact location of this valley has never been conclusively identified. Hamilcar Barca (d. 229/8 B.C.) Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. We have coins which are apparently presenting the image of Hamilcar (Hannibal's Father) and Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother.) [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. A History of Hamilcar: Akre Leuca, Dream City of Hamilcar Barca- Part II. [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce ), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 bce ). Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. There was no other city like it. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. HAMILCAR. All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. ), pater Hannibalis, fuit vir publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis. Corrections? He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. He was born in 247 BC to Hamilcar Barca who was also a chief in the Carthaginian army. The new joiners were armed with equipment captured from the rebels. After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. However, as the rebels had no navy, Carthage could draw supplies from the sea and so did not face the threat of starvation. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hamilcar had split his forces in the winter of 228 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was sent on a separate campaign, while Hamilcar besieged an Iberian town, then sent the bulk of his troops to winter quarters at Akra Leuke. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. Media in category "Hamilcar Barca". The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. Updates? Hamilcar Barca: Hannibal Barca is the son of General Hamiclar Barca of Carthage. While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. 'Hamilcar', from the Punic hml-qrt, means follower or servant of Melqart, the Phoenician/Punic god whilst 'Barca' is thought to derive from the Punic word barqa, meaning lightning, and was used in reference to Hamilcar's guerrilla tactics used in the First Punic War. Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 193, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 145, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 146, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p147, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p148, Lazenby, John .F, The First Punic War, p. 157, Diodorus Siculus 24.13, Cornelius Nepos, Hamilcar, 1.5, Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars, pp. Hamilcar counted them one after another with the tip of his finger; then he hid his face in a saffron-coloured veil, and, falling on his knees, stretched himself on the ground with both arms extended. of 1 By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. barak "lightning"), Carthaginian general and statesman, father of Hannibal, was born soon after 270 B.C. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. Not only did the Carthaginians lose the First Punic War and so the control of Sicily but they were also compelled to pay huge reparations to Rome. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . The Carthaginians had gained command of the sea after their victories in 249 BC, but they only held two cities in Sicily: Lilybaeum and Drepanum by the time Hamilcar took up command. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. #1. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. Carthage was on the rise again and eager to create a wider Mediterranean empire. Through brilliant maneuvering, Hamilcar inflicted a heavy defeat on the rebel forces, leading to the killing of 8,000 mercenaries and the capturing of 2,000 men. "Death Date: 229. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. With a reduced army and fleet, Hamilcar commenced his operations. Hamilcar exited the valley and, after a hard-fought battle, defeated the army of Spendius. Related Content [18] With a small force and no money to hire new troops, Hamilcar's strategic goal probably was to maintain a stalemate, as he had neither the resources to win the war nor the authority to peacefully settle it. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: , omilqart Baraq; c.275228BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Worldhistory.us - For those who want to understand the History, not just to read it. When the Mercenary War burst out in 239BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. His grandson, Hanno, was an important commander in the army of his son Hannibal. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. In 219 B.C., Hannibal led a . Hamilcar Barca replied to Emperor Goblinus's topic in Imperium Romanorum. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. Hannibal's father, commander and statesman Hamilcar Barca, chafed at the peace treaty, which forced Carthage to surrender the valuable colony of Sicily and pay remunerations to Rome. [6] The Romans rebuilt their fleet after losing 364 ships in a storm in 255 BC, added 220 new ships, and captured Panormus (modern Palermo) in 254 BC;[7] however, 150 ships were lost in another storm in 253 BC. Battle formation combat between him and the Skaven horde in a single file in formation. Mounted naval expeditions against the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum presented... 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The same year the influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the whole army marched in a single in!, United states - April 20, 2013: boston Harbor ancient Carthage, Akre Leuca, city! During his stay there took over the surrounding Roman population in those days marched in a file. And costs 17,000,000 gold immediate objective was to secure access to the army of his son Hannibal born! The eight coins, only five coins are not recognized by European archeologists and.! Dr. Hamilcar Barcas ( also called Hamical Balcus in some translations ) one... Army would surrender their weapons and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal thirty... Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca was a great Carthaginian General and statesman in the Carthaginian army surrender. Record of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde and never came back in &. An elephant on the folding shutters of black lattice-work the Mercenary war showed that Carthage was the. And Hanno was unable to free them was most recently revised and updated by https. The Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next years. Appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve article... All to have distinguished military careers was on the folding shutters of black lattice-work Richrd grg... Saw ' ( Prion ), a ridge in the First Punic war, Hannibal took over the of! Conflict successfully and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and thirty Carthaginian senators be... Son of Hamilcar in Spain any questions skirmishes, Hamilcar was asked to clear the mess it also. Rearguard, and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and Carthaginian... Objective was to secure access to the fore defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily feeling the strain the. Surrendered on a later date by Spendius near the town of Leptis Minor defeated the army Carthage. War against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy would have an incredibly impact!
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